GREK 1111

Complete Vocabulary List

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α

• ἀγαθός, ἀγαθή, ἀγαθόν - noble, good
• ἄγαλμα, ἀγάλματος, n. - statue, glory
• ἀγγέλλω, ἀγγελέω, ἤγγειλα, ἤγγελκα, ἤγγελμαι, ἠγγέλθην - to announce
• ἀγνοέω, ἀγνοήσω, ἠγνόησα, ἠγνόηκα, ἠγνόημαι, ἠγνοήθην - not to know, to be unaware
• ἀγορά, -ᾶς, f. - marketplace
• ἄγω, ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἤχθην - to lead
• ἀγών, ἀγῶνος, m. - contest
• ἀδικέω, ἀδικήσω, ἠδίκησα, ἠδίκηκα, ἠδίκημαι, ἠδικήθην - to do wrong, injure
• ἄδικος, ἄδικον - unjust
• ἀδύνατος, ἀδύνατον - impossible
• ἀθάνατος, ἀθάνατον - undying, immortal
• αἱρέω, αἱρήσω, εἷλον, ᾕρηκα, ᾕρημαι, ᾑρέθην - to take, seize
• ἀκούω, ἀκούσομαι, ἤκουσα, ἀκήκοα, –, ἠκούσθην - “to hear, listen to (if object is a person, use genitive; if object is a thing, use accusative)
• ἀληθής, ἀληθές - true
• ἁλίσκομαι, ἁλώσομαι, ἕαλων, ἑάλωκα, –, – - to be seized, caught
• ἀλλά - but
• ἀλλήλων - one another, each other
• ἄλλος, ἄλλη, ἄλλο - another, other; (ἄλλος … ἄλλος) one … the other
• ἀνά - up
• ἄνθρωπος, ἀνθρώπου, m. - person, human
• ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, m. - man, husband
• ἀνά - up
• ἀναβαίνω (ἀνα + βαίνω), ἀναβήσομαι, ἀνέβην, ἀναβέβηκα, ἀναβέβαμαι, ἀνεβάθην - to walk up; to board a ship; to mount a horse
• ἀνατίθημι (ἀνά + τίθημι), ἀναθήσω, ἀνέθηκα, ἀνατέθηκα, ἀνατέθειμαι, ἀνετέθην - to set up, to dedicate (as an offering)
• ἀπό (+ gen.) - away from
• ἀποδίδωμι, ἀποδώσω, ἀπέδωκα, ἀποδέδωκα, ἀποδέδομαι, ἀπεδόθην - to give back, to give away; (middle voice) to sell
• ἀποδύω (ἀπό + δύω), ἀποδύσω, ἀπέδυν, ἀποδέδυκα, ἀποδέδυμαι, ἀπεδύθην - to strip off (someone else’s armor or clothes); (middle/passive and intransitive aorist) to undress
• ἀποκτείνω, ἀποκτενέω, ἀπέκτεινα, ἀπέκτονα, –, – - to kill
• ἁρπάζω, ἁρπάσομαι, ἥρπασα, ἥρπακα, ἥρπασμαι, ἡρπάσθην - to snatch, to seize
• ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦρχα, ἦργμαι, ἤρχθην - to begin (+ part.)
• ἀσθενής, ἀσθενές - weak
• ἅτε - (used with causal participle)
• αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό - him, her, it, them; (intensive adj./pronoun, not reflexive) the very __; himself, herself, themselves, etc.; (in attributive position) the same
• ἀφίημι (ἀπό + ἵημι), ἀφήσω, ἀφῆκα, ἀφεῖκα, ἀφεῖμαι, ἀφείθην - to send away, to release, to set free
• ἀφίστημι (ἀπό + ἵστημι), ἀποστήσω, ἀπέστησα or ἀπέστην, ἀφέστηκα, ἀφέσταμαι, ἀπεστάθην - (trans.) to cause to revolt; (intrans.) to revolt from (ἀπό + genitive)

β

• βαίνω, -βήσομαι, -ἔβην, βέβηκα, -βέβαμαι, -εβάθην - to walk, step, go
• βάλλω, βαλέω, ἔβαλον, βέβληκα, βέβλημαι, ἐβλήθην - to throw, cast, hurl, hit
• βαρύς, βαρεῖα, βαρύ - heavy
• βιβλίον, βιβλίου, n. - book
• βλέπω, βλέψομαι, ἔβλεψα, βέβλεφα, βέβλεμμαι, ἐβλέφθην - “to see”
• βοηθέω, βοηθήσω, ἐβοήθησα, βεβοήθηκα, βεβοήθημαι, ἐβοηθήθην - to help, aid
• βουλή, βουλῆς, f. - will, plan, advice
• βοῦς, βοός, m./f. - bull, cow

γ

• γάρ - (post-positive) for, because
• γένος, γένους, n. - family, class, kind
• γέρας, γέρως, n. - gift, prize
• γίγνομαι, γενήσομαι, ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, ἐγενήθην - to become, to happen
• γιγνώσκω, γνώσομαι, ἔγνων, ἔγνωκα, ἔγνωσμαι, ἐγνώσθην - to recognize, know
• γνώμη, γνώμης, f. - judgment, opinion
• γράφω, γράψω, ἔγραψα, γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι, ἐγράφην - to write
• γυνή, γυναικός, f. - woman, wife

δ

• δέ - (post-positive) and, but
• δεῖ - it is necessary
• δείκνυμι, δείξω, ἔδειξα, δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην - to show
• δέκα - ten (indeclinable)
• δένδρον, δένδρου, n. - tree
• δεύτερος, -α, -ον - second
• δηλόω, δηλώσω, ἐδήλωσα, δεδήλωκα, δεδήλωμαι, ἐδηλώθην - to make clear, point out
• διά - through; because of; by means of
• διαβαίνω, διαβήσομαι, διέβην, διαβέβηκα, διαβέβαμαι, διεβάθην - to cross
• διδάσκαλος, διδασκάλου, m. - teacher
• διδάσκω, διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα, δεδίδαχα, δεδίδαγμαι, ἐδιδάχθην - to teach; (with double accusative) to teach (accusative 1) (to) (accusative 2)
• δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην - to give, grant, allow
• δίκαιος, δικαία, δίκαιον - just
• δικαστής, δικαστοῦ, m. - juror
• δίκη, δίκης, f. - trial, lawsuit, penalty, custom, right
• δοκέω, δοκήσω, ἔδοξα, –, δέδογμαι, -ἐδόχθην - to think; (3rd sg.) to seem (best)
• δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, –, –, δεδύνημαι, ἐδυνήθην - to be able to, can
• δύο - two
• δύω, -δύσω, -ἔδυν, -δέδυκα, -δέδυμαι, -ἐδύθην - to enter; to put on (clothes); to sink, set
• δῶρον, δώρου, n. - gift

ε

• ἑαυτοῦ / αὑτοῦ, ἑαυτῶν / αὑτῶν - themself, themselves (3rd person)
• ἐγώ, ἡμεῖς - I, we (1st person)
• ἐθέλω, ἐθελήσω, ἠθέλησα, ἠθέληκα, –, – - to want, wish
• εἰμί, ἔσομαι, –, –, –, – - to be; [3rd singular] it is possible, there is
• εἶμι - to go
• εἰς (+ acc.) - into
• εἷς, μία, ἕν - one
• ἐκ (+ gen.) - out of, from; as a result of
• ἐκεῖνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο - that, those; the former (vs. οὗτος)
• ἐμαυτοῦ, ἡμῶν αὐτῶν - myself, ourselves (1st person)
• ἐμός, -ή, -όν - my, mine
• ἐν (+ dat.) - in, within
• ἐννέα - nine (indeclinable)
• ἕξ - six (indeclinable)
• ἔξεστι(ν) - it is possible
• ἐπεί or ἐπειδή - after, when, since
• ἐπί - on, upon
• ἐπιστολή, -ῆς, f. - letter
• ἐπιτίθημι (ἐπί + τίθημι), ἐπιθήσω, ἐπέθηκα, ἐπιτέθηκα, ἐπιτέθειμαι, ἐπετέθην - to place upon; (middle voice) to attack (+ dative)
• ἑπτά - seven (indeclinable)
• ἔρχομαι, ἐλεύσομαι, ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα, –, – - to come, to go
• ἔργον, ἔργου, n. - deed
• ἐρωτάω, ἐρωτήσω, ἠρώτησα, ἠρώτηκα, ἠρώτημαι, ἠρωτήθην - to ask
• εὐδαίμων, εὐδαῖμον (m./n. stem εὐδαίμον-) - happy, blessed, fortunate
• εὐρύς, εὐρεῖα, εὐρύ - broad, wide
• εὐτυχής, εὐτυχές - lucky
• ἐφίημι (ἐπί + ἵημι), ἐφήσω, ἐφῆκα, ἐφεῖκα, ἐφεῖμαι, ἐφείθην - to send against; (middle voice) to command, order; (middle voice) to aim at, desire (+ genitive)
• ἐφίστημι (ἐπί + ἵστημι), ἐπιστήσω, ἐπέστησα or ἐπέστην, ἐφέστηκα, ἐφέσταμαι, ἐπεστάθην - (trans.) to set up in charge of; (intrans.) to be in charge of (+ dative)
• ἐχθρός, ἐχθρά, ἐχθρόν - hated, hostile
• ἔχω, ἕξω / σχήσω, ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, -ἔσχημαι, ἐσχέθην - to have, to hold

ζ

• ζηλόω, ζηλώσω, ἐζήλωσα, ἐζήλωκα, ἐζήλωμαι, ἐζηλώθην - to rival, emulate, praise
• ζητέω, ζητήσω, ἐζήτησα, ἐζήτηκα, ἐζήτημαι, ἐζητήθην - to look for, seek

η

• ἤ - or; than (with comparative) (ἤ … ἤ - either … or)
• ἡδύς, ἡδεῖα, ἡδύ - sweet
• ἡμέτερος, -α, -η - our, ours

θ

• θάλαττα, θάλαττης, f. - sea
• θάνατος, θανάτου, m. - death
• θεός, θεοῦ, m./f. - god
• θυγάτηρ, θυγατρός, f. - daughter

ι

• ἱερόν, ἱεροῦ, n. - temple
• ἱερός, ἱερά, ἱερόν - holy
• ἵημι, ἥσω, -ἧκα, -εἷκα, -εἷμαι, -εἵθην - to hurl, throw, send; (middle voice) to rush, hurry
• ἵνα - (+ subj.) (so / in order) that; (in order) to
• ἵστημι, στήσω, ἔστησα or ἔστην, ἕστηκα, ἕσταμαι, ἐστάθην - (active and 1st aorist transitive) to make stand up, set up, cause to stop; (passive and 2nd aorist intransitive) to stand, be set up, stop
• ἱππεύς, ἱππέως, m. - cavalryman
• ἵππος, ἵππου, m./f. - horse

κ

• καθίστημι (κατά + ἵστημι), καταστήσω, κατέστησα or κατέστην, καθέστηκα, καθέσταμαι, κατεστάθην - (trans.) to establish; (intrans.) to settle, be established
• καί - and; even, also (καί/τε … καί/τε - both … and)
• καίπερ - (used with concessive participle)
• κάκος, κάκη, κάκον - bad
• καλός, -ή, -όν - good, beautiful, handsome
• κατά - down
• καταβαίνω (κατά + βαίνω), καταβήσομαι, κατέβην, καταβέβηκα, καταβέβαμαι, κατεβάθην - to walk down; to dismount (a horse); to go down to the sea
• καταδύω (κατά + δύω), καταδύσω, κατέδυν, καταδέδυκα, καταδέδυμαι, κατεδύθην - to set (often re: the sun); to sink
• κελεύω, κελεύσω, ἐκέλευσα, κεκέλευκα, κεκέλευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην - to order
• κίνδυνος, κινδύνου, m. - danger
• κόρη, κόρης, f. - girl
• κόρος, κόρου, m. - boy
• κρύπτω, κρύψω, ἔκρυψα, –, κέκρυμμαι, ἐκρύφθην - to hide, conceal

λ

• λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην - to take
• λέγω, ἐρέω, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, –, – - to say, to speak
• λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον, λέλοιπα, λέλειμμαι, ἐλείφθην - to leave
• λίθος, λίθου, m. - stone
• λόγος, λόγου, m. - word, speech
• λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι, ἐλύθην - to free, loosen

μ

• μαθητής, μαθητοῦ, m. - student
• μακρός, μακρά, μακρόν - long
• μάλιστα - most
• μᾶλλον - more
• μανθάνω, μαθήσομαι, ἔμαθον, μεμάθηκα, –, – - to learn
• μάρτυς, μάρτυρος, m./f. - witness
• μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα - big, great
• μείγνυμι, μείξω, ἔμειξα, μέμιχα, μέμιγμαι, ἐμίγην - to mix
• μέλας, μέλαινα, μέλαν (m./n. stem μέλαν-) - black
• μέν … δέ (… δέ …) - [denotes elements of a list]
• μετά - after (+ acc.); with (+ gen.)
• μή - not; (+ subj.) (introduces negative purpose clause or positive fear clause)
• μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν - no one, nothing (used in circumstances where you would use μή rather than οὐ)
• μήτηρ, μητρός, f. - mother
• μίκρος, μίκρα, μίκρον - small
• μισέω, μισήσω, ἐμίσησα, μεμίσηκα, μεμίσημαι, ἐμισήθην - to hate
• μόνος, μόνη, μόνον - alone, only

ν

• ναῦς, νέως, f. - ship
• νικάω, νικήσω, ἐνίκησα, νενίκηκα, νενίκημαι, ἐνικήθην - to win, conquer, prevail
• νομίζω, νομιέω, ἐνόμισα, νενόμικα, νενόμισμαι, ἐνομίσθην - to think
• νόμος, νόμου, m. - law, custom
• νῦν - now

o

• ὁ, ἡ, τό - (definite article) the
• ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε - this, these, the following
• ὁδός, ὁδοῦ, f. - road
• οἷα - (used with causal participle)
• οἰκία, οἰκίας, f. - home, house
• οἶνος, οἴνου, m. - wine
• ὀκτώ - eight (indeclinable)
• ὀλίγος, ὀλίγη, ὀλίγον - little, small
• ὅμως - nevertheless, still
• ὄνομα, ὀνόματος, n. - name
• ὅπλον, ὅπλου, n. - weapon
• ὅπως - (+ subj.) (so / in order) that; (in order) to
• ὁράω, ὄψομαι, εἶδον, ἑώρακα/ἑόρακα, ἑώραμαι/ὦμμαι, ὤφθην - to see
• ὅς, ἥ, ὅ - who(m), which, that (relative pronoun)
• ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι - (as indirect interrogative) who, which, what; (as indefinite relative) whoever, whichever, whatever
• οὐ (οὐκ before smooth breathing, οὐχ before rough breathing) - not, no
• οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν - (pronoun) no one (masculine/feminine), nothing (neuter); (adjective) no, none
• οὖν - (post-positive) therefore, then
• οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο - this; the preceding; the latter (vs. ἐκεῖνος)
• οὕτω(ς) - so, in such a way, such (signal word for result clause; -ς before a word that begins with a vowel)

π

• παῖς, παῖδος, m./f. - child
• παρά - next to, near
• πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν (m./n. stem πάντ-) - (sg., w/o article) each, every; (sg., with article) the whole, entire; (pl.) all (Logeion entry)
• πατήρ, πατρός, m. - father
• παύω, παύσω, ἔπαυσα, πέπαυκα, πέπαυμαι, ἐπαύθην (+ part.) - (act.) to stop (acc.) from (participle)-ing; (mid.) to stop (oneself) (from) (participle)-ing
• πείθω, πείσομαι, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα / πέποιθα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην - to persuade; (middle voice + dative) to obey, trust, believe
• πέμπω, πέμψω, ἔπεμψα, πέπομφα, πέπεμμαι, ἐπέμφθην - to send
• πέντε - five (indeclinable)
• περί - around, about
• ποιέω, ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην - to make, do
• ποίημα, ποιήματος, n. - poem
• πόλις, πόλεως, f. - city
• πολίτης, πολίτου, m. - citizen
• πολύς, πολλή, πολύ - much (singular); many (plural)
• ποταμός, -οῦ, m. - river
• πότε - when
• ποτε - at some time
• ποῦ - where
• που - in some place
• πρᾶγμα, πράγματος, n. - deed
• πρέπει - it is fitting
• πρός - to, toward; in addition to
• πρότερος, πρότερα, πρότερον - previous, former, earlier
• πρῶτος, πρώτη, πρῶτον - first
• πῶς - how
• πως - in some way

ρ

• ῥίπτω, ῥίψω, ἔρριψα, ἔρριφα, ἔρριμμαι, ἐρρίφθην / ερρίφην - to hurl, cast, throw

σ

• σαφής, σαφές - clear, distinct
• σ(ε)αυτοῦ, ὑμῶν αὐτῶν - yourself, yourselves (2nd person)
• σός, -ή, -όν - your, yours (singular)
• στρατηγός, στρατηγοῦ, m. - general
• στρατιώτης, στρατιώτου, m. - soldier
• στρατός, στρατοῦ, m. - army
• σύ, ὑμεῖς - you, y’all (2nd person)
• συμφορά, συμφορᾶς, f. - event, outcome, mishap
• σύν (+ dat.) - with
• σώφρων, σῶφρον (stem σώφρον-) - wise

τ

• ταχύς, ταχεῖα, ταχύ - swift, fast, quick
• τε - (enclitic, post-positive) and
• τέτταρες, τέτταρα - four
• τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, τέθειμαι, ἐτέθην - to put, place
• τιμάω, τιμήσω, ἐτίμησα, τετίμηκα, τετίμημαι, ἐτιμήθην - to honor, esteem
• τίς, τί - what? why?
• τις, τι (enclitic) - some, any
• τότε - then, at that time
• τρεῖς, τρία - three
• τριήρης, τριήρους, f. - trireme (a type of warship)
• τρίτος, -η, -ον - third

υ

• ὑμέτερος, -α, -η - your, yours (plural)
• ὑπό - under; by (with gen. and passive verb)
• ὑπέρ - over, above
• ὕστατος, ὑστάτη, ὕστατον - last

φ

• φέρω, οἴσω, ἤνεγκον / ἤνεγκα, ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι, ἠνέχθην - to bring, carry, bear
• φεύγω, φεύξομαι / φευξέομαι, ἔφυγον, πέφευγα, –, – - to flee, escape
• φημί, φήσω, ἔφησα, –, –, – - to say
• φιλέω, φιλήσω, ἐφίλησα, πεφίληκα, πεφίλημαι, ἐφιλήθην - to love, kiss; (+ complementary infinitive) to love to (infinitive)
• φοβέω, φοβήσω, ἐφόβησα, –, πεφόβημαι, ἐφοβήθην - (active) to frighten, terrify; (middle) to fear, be afraid; (middle + complementary infinitive) to be afraid to (infinitive)

χ

• χαρίεις, χαρίεσσα, χαρίεν (m./n. stem χαρίεντ-) - graceful
• χείρ, χειρός, f. - hand
• χρή - it is necessary
• χρῆμα, χρήματος, n. - thing; (plural) money, goods, property
• χρόνος, χρόνου, m. - time

ψ

• ψευδής, ψευδές - false, lying

ω

• ὡς - (used with causal participle); (+ indic. verb) (introduces actual result clause); (+ infinitive) (introduces natural result clause); (preceded by head verb, + indirect statement) (used in indirect statement); (+ superlative adjective or adverb) as [adjective/adverb] as possible; (+ subj. verb) (purpose clause) (so / in order) that; (in order) to
• ὥστε - that, so that, and so, and thus, such that, so as, as to (+ indic. verb = actual result clause; + infinitive = natural result clause)